Fern taxonomy
Collection by Keskinivaj
Fern families and genuses with representative species, according to Smith et al. 2006
Lindsaeceae
odontosoria
Sphenomeris chinensis - Lace fern. Hawaiians made red-brown dye from the old fronds. Pala'ā was used to treat "female ailments". It is made into a lei using the hili, or hilo technique - a braiding or plaiting method with only one type of plant material. Philippines dry and boil the plant in fresh water until the water turns dark brown to complete black. They consider it as a herbal tea for various health benefits such as better stamina and relief from fatigue.
Gleicheniales
matonia
Matoniaceae: Matonia pectinata
Gleicheniaceae: Dicranopteris linearis - Old World forked fern. As a pioneer species in ecological succession, it can colonize bare sites such as lava flows. When the fern grows onto a new site it produces layers of stems and leaves repeatedly until there is a network of vegetation. The network then fills with organic forest detritus, forming a litter layer which can be a meter thick. The fern may have allelopathic effects, preventing the growth of other plants.
Salviniales
Salciniaceae: Salvinia molesta - Rikkakellusanianen / Giant salvinia ) is a commonly introduced invasive weed in warm climates. It grows rapidly and forms dense mats over still waters. Leaf development in Salvinia (watermosses) is unique. The upper side of the floating leaf, which appears to face the stem axis, is morphologically abaxial.
Salciniaceae: Azolla pinnata - mosquitofern. They form a symbiotic relationship with the cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae, which fixes atmospheric nitrogen, giving the plant access to the essential nutrient. The nitrogen-fixing capability of Azolla has led to Azolla being widely used as a biofertilizer. Azolla is also used in bioremedies and as a livestock feed.
Schizaeales
Lygodiaceae: Lygopodium japonicum - Japanese climbing fern, was added to the Florida Noxious Weed List in 1999, causing problems in pine plantations. Lygodiaceae-ferns are unusual in that the rachis, or midrib, of the frond is thin, flexible, and long, the frond unrolling with indeterminate growth and the rachis twining around supports, so that each frond forms a distinct vine.
Hymenophyllaceae - Sammalsaniaiskasvit
Trichomanes petersii - Dwarf bristle fern. The name bristle fern refers to the small bristle that protrudes from the indusia of these ferns. (In the article divided to nine genera (Ebihara & al, 2006), two major clades (Pryer & al, 2001b), "trichomanoid" and "hymenophylloid", roughly corresponding to the classical genera Trichomanes s.l. and Hymenophyllum)
Osmundaceae - Kuningassaniaiskasvit
Maratticeae
Equisetaceae - Kortteet
Equisetum sylvaticum - Metsäkorte / wood horsetail. The name Equisetum (horsetail, snake grass, puzzlegrass) is derived from the Latin equus ("horse") + seta ("bristle"). Equisetaceae is the only surviving family of the Equisetales, a group with many fossils of large tree-like plants that possessed ribbed stems similar to modern horsetails.
Psilotaceae -Haarusanikkaiset
Psilotum nudum - whisk fern. Its name means "bare naked" in Latin, because it lacks most of the organs of typical vascular plants, as a result of evolutionary reduction. Called matsubaran ("pine-needle orchid") in Japanese, it was one of the noble plants in the Edo period, with many varieties. Psilotum - whisk ferns
Ophiloglossaceae - Käärmeenkielikasvit
Ophioglossum reticulatum - notable for having as many as 1260 chromosomes. Young fronds are commonly eaten as a salad or vegetable with a sweet flavor. Ophiloglossum: adder's-tongue ferns
Botrychium lunaria - Ketonoidanlukko (common moonwort) there are a few members of Botrychium that are unique among ferns in having the sporophytes also mycoheterotrophic, producing only small, ephemeral sporophylls that do not photosynthesize. - Botrychium: noidanlukot/moonworts; grapeferns
Other Pins
odontosoria
Sphenomeris chinensis - Lace fern. Hawaiians made red-brown dye from the old fronds. Pala'ā was used to treat "female ailments". It is made into a lei using the hili, or hilo technique - a braiding or plaiting method with only one type of plant material. Philippines dry and boil the plant in fresh water until the water turns dark brown to complete black. They consider it as a herbal tea for various health benefits such as better stamina and relief from fatigue.
Salciniaceae: Salvinia molesta - Rikkakellusanianen / Giant salvinia ) is a commonly introduced invasive weed in warm climates. It grows rapidly and forms dense mats over still waters. Leaf development in Salvinia (watermosses) is unique. The upper side of the floating leaf, which appears to face the stem axis, is morphologically abaxial.
Salciniaceae: Azolla pinnata - mosquitofern. They form a symbiotic relationship with the cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae, which fixes atmospheric nitrogen, giving the plant access to the essential nutrient. The nitrogen-fixing capability of Azolla has led to Azolla being widely used as a biofertilizer. Azolla is also used in bioremedies and as a livestock feed.
Lygodiaceae: Lygopodium japonicum - Japanese climbing fern, was added to the Florida Noxious Weed List in 1999, causing problems in pine plantations. Lygodiaceae-ferns are unusual in that the rachis, or midrib, of the frond is thin, flexible, and long, the frond unrolling with indeterminate growth and the rachis twining around supports, so that each frond forms a distinct vine.